...........But after making adjustments prior to the 1961 season, and benefitting from the team's move into expansive
Dodger Stadium a year later, Koufax quickly rose to become the most dominant pitcher in the major leagues before
arthritis in his left elbow ended his playing days prematurely at age 30.
Koufax was an
All-Star in each of his last six seasons,
[1] leading the
National League (NL) in ERA each of his last five years, in
strikeouts four times, in wins and
shutouts three times each, and in
winning percentage,
innings pitched and
complete games twice each; he was the first NL pitcher in 20 years to post an ERA below 2.00, doing so three times. After setting a modern NL record in
1961 with 269 strikeouts, in
1963 he became the first pitcher in 17 years and the first left-hander since 1904 to strike out 300 batters. In
1965 he set a major league record with 382 strikeouts; it was broken in 1973 by
Nolan Ryan, but remains the top mark for NL pitchers and left-handers. He was the first pitcher to record 300 strikeouts three times, and set a record with 97 games of at least 10 strikeouts, also later broken by Ryan; he twice tied a
modern record by striking out 18 batters in a game. Koufax won the
Cy Young Award in 1963, 1965 and
1966 by unanimous votes, winning the
Triple Crown[2][3][4][5] and leading the Dodgers to a pennant each year; he was the first three-time winner of the award, and the only pitcher to do so when a single award was given instead of one for each league. He was also named the NL
Most Valuable Player (MVP) in 1963, and was runner-up for the award the other two years.
Koufax was the first major league pitcher to hurl four
no-hitters, and in 1965 became the eighth pitcher and the first left-hander since 1880 to pitch a
perfect game. He was named the
World Series MVP in both
1963 and
1965, earning two wins in each Series and striking out 52 batters to lead the team to another pair of titles. He is also notable for being one of the outstanding
Jewish athletes in U.S. sports; Koufax's decision not to pitch Game 1 of the 1965 World Series because it fell on the Jewish holiday
Yom Kippur garnered national attention as a conflict between religious calling and society, and remains a notable event in U.S. Jewish history.
[6][7] Upon his retirement, Koufax's career ERA of 2.76 trailed only
Whitey Ford among pitchers with at least 2,000 innings pitched since 1925; his .655 winning percentage ranked third among both left-handers and modern NL pitchers. Despite his comparatively short career, his 2,396 career strikeouts ranked seventh in major league history, trailing only
Warren Spahn (2,583) among left-handers; his 40 shutouts were tied for ninth in modern NL history. He was the first pitcher in history to average more than one
strikeout per inning, and the first to allow fewer than seven
hits per nine innings pitched. Koufax briefly held the Dodgers records for career strikeouts and shutouts until longtime teammate
Don Drysdale passed him in 1968. Koufax was inducted into the
Baseball Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility in
1972, becoming at age 36 the youngest player ever elected. He has since worked for the Dodgers organization in a variety of capacities.